Consonant Diagraph WH

/WH/  is a consonant diagraph.    

/wh/ pronounced  /hw/	When “wh” is said, air should be felt softly on the palm of your hand held before your mouth. Usually an initial sound. Cuando formas (wh/, debes sentir el aire suavemente con su mano en frente de tu boca.  Usualmente wh es un sonido al comienzo de una palabra.	Whip, why, whiz, whit, which, when, whisk, whisper, white, when, wheel, where, wheelbarrow, wheat
Consonant /w/	No air felt when saying “w” as in we, with, or wear. No debes sentir aire cuando diciendo el /w/ como en…	Wit, win, wet, wag, was, web, well, wed, wasp, watch
Sometimes “wh” sounds like /h/ . A veces el “wh” suena como /h/.		Whole, whose, whom, who

Here is a fun tongue twister:  Whether the weather is warm, whether the weather is hot, we have to put up with the weather, whether we like it or not. 

Thought for the week:  Yesterday is a cancelled check; tomorrow is a promissory note; today is the only cash you have—so spend it wisely.

El ayer es un cheque cancelado; el mañana un pagaré; el presente es el único efectivo que tienes; úsalo con sabiduría. Trapeador: Aprovechar el tiempo, 7.

CONSONANT DIAGRAPH TH:

CONSONANT DIAGRAPH  TH:   

Sound-  sonido	Formed- formación	Examples-  ejemplos
/th/   or    /θ/	The breath hisses between the tongue tip and the upper teeth… called “voiceless”  *La respiración esta forcado entre la punta de la lengua y los dientes frontales de arriba…. Entonces se llama “sin voz”	Thing, Seth, thank, think, three, thin, moth, cloth, sixth, depth, three, thief, broth, thigh , ether:
/th/  or   /ð/	The tongue position is the same but the voice is used to give sound as the air is forced out… called “voiced”. La posición de la lengua es la misma pero se usa la voz mientras que la respiración esta forcado para afuera… entonces se llama “con voz”.	This, That, these, those, then, them, though, they, than,  thy,  the, thou, thee, their, father, mother, thine, either,
Not to be confused with compound words No se confunda con palabras compuestos	The t and h are pronounced separately, being part of different words. El t y h se pronuncia individualmente, siendo parte de diferentes palabras.	anthill, outhouse, lighthouse, pothead, Chatham

Practice this tongue twister:    The bathing beauty sisters thought that their two brothers took longer lathering their hair than both their thin thrifty mother and toothless father.

The distribution pattern may be summed up in the following rule of thumb which is valid in most cases: in the beginning of a word we use the voiceless sound except in function words; in the middle position we use the voiced  /ð/ sound except for foreign loan words; and in the end of a word we use the voiceless  /θ/ sound except in verbs.

El patrón de distribución puede ser resumido en la regla siguiente que es válida en la mayoría de los casos:  para el comienzo de una palabra usamos el sonido /th/ sin voz con la excepción de palabras de función;   en la mitad de una palabra usamos el /th/ con voz excepto en palabras prestados de otras idiomas;  y al final de una palabra usamos el /th/ sin voz excepto en verbos.

Consonant Diagraph "SH"

CONSONANT  DIAGRAPH “SH”:  This blend of two letters which makes  the new sound (diagraph) SH, is the sound that you make as if to mean “be quiet” or “silence”.  This same sound may be spelled by other combinations of letters: su, ss, ci and ti. See the chart.

/sh/ sound formed by the letters:

Letters-letras	Examples- ejemplos
sh	Wish, mesh, flesh, fish, slosh, flash, ship, brush, cash, dish
su	Sugar, sure, insure, insurance
ss	Russia, issue
ci	Special, commercial, ancient, physician, appreciate, ancient
ti	Nation, station, motion, action, patient, impatient, mention

Practice this common tongue twister to differentiate the simple /s/ and /sh/ sounds:  She sells sea shells on the sea shore. 

“Consonant diagraph”= dos consonantes que combinan para hacer un solo sonido SH, lo cual es el sonido que haces para indicar “tranquilízate” o “silencio”.  Este mismo sonido puede ser deletreado por otras combinaciones de letras: ss, su, ci, y ti.  Vea el grafico.

Práctica esta traga lengua común para diferenciar el simple /s/ del /sh/.  

Thought of the week:  The ability to speak several languages is valuable, but the art of keeping silent in one is precious when necessary. 

Pensamiento de la Semana: La habilidad de hablar en varias idiomas es valiosa, pero el arte de mantener silencio en una es precioso cuando necesario. 

Preposiciones ¿Cual?

PREPOSITIONS

Everything has a place or a position in relationship to everything else. Prepositions are words or phrases that help show where something is, or bring out some relationship between nouns or noun-substitutes (pronouns, gerunds, etc. ) They come before the noun or pronoun.

Often we have difficulty choosing the correct preposition to use after certain words.  The following list may be helpful.- 

According to	Disagree with	Part from (somebody)
Afflict with	Disappointed in (something)	Part with (something)
Agree to (something)	Disappointed with (somebody)	Prevail on
Agree with (somebody)	Disgusted at (something)	Protest against
Aim at	Disgusted with (somebody)	Pursuit of
Angry with	Dislike for	Recoil from
Ashamed of	Divide among (many)	Regard for
Attack on	Divide between (two)	Rely on
Blame for	Equal to	Similar to
Change for (something)	Filled with	Suffer from
Change with (somebody)	Full of	Tired of (something)
Comment on	Good for	Tired with (action)
Complain of	Guilty of	Thirst for (or after)
Confer with	Indignant at (something)	Vexed at (something)
Conscious of	Indignant with (somebody)	Vexed with (somebody)
Defiance of	Inspired by	Victim of
Despair of	Interfere with	Wait for (person, thing)
Die of	Invasion of	Wait upon (somebody)
Differ from (opinion)	Meddle with	Write about (something)
Differ with (somebody)	Opposite to	Write to (somebody)

Todo ocupa un lugar o posición con relación a las demás cosas. Las preposiciones son palabras que nos ayudan a ver donde se encuentra algo, o bien indican la relación que existe entre nombres, pronombres, etc. Anteceden al nombre o pronombre. Dicho de otro modo, son partículas que sirven para enlazar las palabras unas con otras.

En muchos casos no estamos seguros de que preposición usar antes o después de una palabra determinada. A continuación damos una lista que puede ser de utilidad. 

Conjunciones

Conjunciones

Las conjunciones se usan para conectar palabras, frases, o cláusulas.  Hay dos tipos:

Conjunciones de coordinación conectan frases de rangos iguales =

Conjunciones condicionales conectan frases de rangos desiguales = 

Adverbios también pueden conectar o relacionar frases y se llaman adverbios de conjunción=  

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 CONJUNCTIONS 

Conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases or clauses.  There are two kinds:

Coordinating conjunctions connect clauses of equal rank= and, but, or, nor, for, and sometimes so and yet.

Subordinating conjunctions connect clauses that are not of equal rank= if, although, since, in order that, as, because, unless, after, before, until, when, whenever, where, while, wherever.

Adverbs can also connect or relate main clauses= conjunctive adverbs= however, therefore, nevertheless, hence, then, besides, moreover, thus, otherwise, consequently, accordingly.

Examples:

Move your chair forward BUT only a little.

You may study Algebra IF you have finished all your basic math courses.

He always sings WHILE he works in the garden.

He has not finished his thesis, NOR has he started looking for a job.

I am learning English HOWEVER I am only on level one.   

Gender / Género

El Género de los sustantivos:

La mayoría de las palabras en Inglés no tienen género; por ejemplo la palabra chico se refiere a una persona masculina pero la palabra misma es neutro, y no tiene un final que concuerda con artículos, pronombres, ni adjetivos de su género.   En cambio, hay ciertas palabras que nombran cosas que son o femeninas o masculinos aunque las palabras mismas son neutras o comunes. 

*Ejemplos de palabras diferentes usados para el masculino y femenino:

*Ejemplos de palabras donde el final cambia para formar el nombre del masculino y femenino:

*Ejemplos de palabras compuestas que tienen diferente formas de masculino y femenino:   

Nouns of Gender:

Most words in English do not have a gender; that is for example the word boy refers to a masculine person but the noun itself is neutral and does not have endings to agree with pronouns, articles, nor adjectives.   However there are times that certain words indicate females and other words indicate males even though the words themselves are common or neuter. 

Examples of different words used for the masculine and the feminine:

Bull / cow	Lord / lady	Father / mother	Rooster / hen
Mare / stallion	Brother / sister	Son / daughter	Buck / doe
Man / woman	Uncle / aunt	Boar / sow
Boy / girl	Nephew / niece	King / queen

Examples of different words where the ending changes to form the masculine and feminine:

Hunter / huntress	God / goddess	Actor / actress	Lion / lioness
Prince / princess	Prophet / prophetess	Priest / priestess
Master / mistress	Host / hostess	Waiter / waitress
Manager / manageress	Poet / poetess	Duke / duchess
Giant / giantess	Hero / heroine	Count / countess

Examples of different compound words that have different masculine and feminine forms:

Landlord / landlady	Cockrobin / hen-robin	Policeman / policewoman
Peacock / peahen	Hegoat / shegoat	Nurse / male-nurse

Silent E....¿Porque el E es mudo?

WHY of the Silent  /e/????  ¿Porque la E es muda?

  

Hay cinco razones principales por la E muda al final de las palabras:

La E hace que la vocal anterior diga su nombre.

Palabras en Ingles no terminan en u o v por lo normal. (Menu y palabras derivado del francés son excepciones). True.

La E muda sigue la c o g para que sus sonidos serán suaves. 

La silaba segunda “dle” necesita un vocal (también con tle, ble, etc.).

En algunas palabras, parece que no tiene propósito en particular. Talvez sea del Ingles antiguo. 

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There are five main reasons for the silent “e” at the end of words:

The “e” helps the vowel say its long sound – ie. Take.

English words do not usually end with u or v.  (Menu, and such words derived from French are exceptions.) ie. True, love.

The silent e follows the c and g so their sounds will be soft.  ie. Singe, mince.

The second syllable “dle” needs a vowel (so also with tle, ble, etc.) ie. Candle.

In some words, there is no particular purpose for the silent e. It is perhaps just left over from old English spelling.  ie. House, are, promise.  

Fonética- combinaciones de letras

FINAL CONSONANT DIGRAPHS: ch, sh, th, ng

A final consonant digraph is one which is heard at the end of a word (two letters combined to make one sound).

Pronounce these words and listen for the sounds of the final consonant digraphs:

ch in preach                  th in bath

sh in brush                   ng in bring

Use the words, ending in a digraph, from the box below to complete the sentence. Be sure you know all the vocabulary.

1. Can you ________________ me how to knit?

2. Once a year my father makes a record of my ________________ .

3. It is more fun to play on a___________________ than on a slide.

4. In the early morning, the air is ____________________and cool.

5. A baby kangaroo lives in its mother's ______________.

6. Did you blow out the candles with one ___________________ ?

7. I saw the   _____________   of light from the explosion.

8. Have you ever been ________________by a bee?

9. Keep your dog on a ________________ in the park.

10. A big __________________ of grapes was on the table.

11. The house was one mile__________________ of the town.

12.  I could not remember _________________ way to go.

13.  The fireman told us not to keep _______________ in the basement.

14.  Would you like a sliced __________________for dessert?

15.   Sometimes things are cheaper if you pay _____________ .

growth	fresh	south
breath	which	pouch
flash	swing	teach
bunch	leash	stung
trash	cash	peach